Genetic gains and efficiency improvements in diary herd

Since 2013, Craigmore’s farming team has achieved measurable genetic gains in its dairy herd through a targeted breeding programme and improved reproductive performance. These efforts are part of a broader strategy to enhance herd efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions per unit of production.

Genetic progress is driven using premium semen from carefully selected bull breeds, aimed at improving herd productivity and health. The team is also refining artificial insemination (AI) practices, comparing full AI programmes with mixed approaches involving various duration, technologies and suppliers to establish the most effective combinations for conception rates and overall herd outcomes.

The graph below shows the generic gains made in lifting genetic breeding worth (gBW) in the Craigmore herd from 34 in 2013 to 265 in 2024 – representing a greater rate of gain than the national average.

Improved reproduction metrics – such as faster conception and lower empty cow rates – mean more days in milk (longer lactation period) and fewer animals leaving during their peak production years. This directly contributes to lower emissions intensity and greater operational efficiency.

With no single technological solution currently available to reduce on-farm emissions, Craigmore is trialling a range of operational improvements. These include reducing cow replacement rates, improving gestation outcomes through selective breeding and increasing productivity per cow.

Craigmore’s approach is tailored to individual farms with some incorporating technology trials, such as Halter and smaXtec for health monitoring and reproductive timing. With veterinary support, the length of breeding programmes and bull selection strategies are customised the meet the specific needs of each herd.

This integrated strategy positions Craigmore as a leader in sustainable dairy farming, aligning genetic progress with environmental stewardship.